How to Create a CSS Hamburger Menu

<!-- HTML -->
<button class="hamburger">
  <span class="line"></span>
  <span class="line"></span>
  <span class="line"></span>
</button>

/* CSS */
.hamburger {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  background: transparent;
  border: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  padding: 0;
  gap: 5px;
}

.line {
  display: block;
  width: 24px;
  height: 3px;
  background: #333;
  border-radius: 2px;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

<!-- HTML -->
<button class="hamburger">
  <span class="hamburger-icon"></span>
</button>

/* CSS */
.hamburger {
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  background: transparent;
  border: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  padding: 0;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

.hamburger-icon {
  position: relative;
  width: 24px;
  height: 3px;
  background: #333;
  border-radius: 2px;
}

.hamburger-icon::before,
.hamburger-icon::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  width: 24px;
  height: 3px;
  background: #333;
  border-radius: 2px;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.hamburger-icon::before {
  top: -8px;
}

.hamburger-icon::after {
  top: 8px;
}

<!-- HTML -->
<button class="hamburger" aria-label="Menu">
  <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24">
    <line x1="3" y1="6" x2="21" y2="6"
          stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"
          stroke-linecap="round"/>
    <line x1="3" y1="12" x2="21" y2="12"
          stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"
          stroke-linecap="round"/>
    <line x1="3" y1="18" x2="21" y2="18"
          stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"
          stroke-linecap="round"/>
  </svg>
</button>

/* CSS */
.hamburger {
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  background: transparent;
  border: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  padding: 8px;
  color: #333;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

.hamburger svg {
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.hamburger:hover svg {
  transform: scale(1.1);
}

.hamburger line {
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

<!-- HTML -->
<button class="hamburger" onclick="this.classList.toggle('active')">
  <span class="line"></span>
  <span class="line"></span>
  <span class="line"></span>
</button>

/* CSS */
.hamburger {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  background: transparent;
  border: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  gap: 5px;
}

.line {
  display: block;
  width: 24px;
  height: 3px;
  background: #333;
  border-radius: 2px;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  transform-origin: center;
}

/* Active state - transform to X */
.hamburger.active .line:nth-child(1) {
  transform: translateY(8px) rotate(45deg);
}

.hamburger.active .line:nth-child(2) {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: scaleX(0);
}

.hamburger.active .line:nth-child(3) {
  transform: translateY(-8px) rotate(-45deg);
}

<!-- HTML -->
<button class="hamburger" onclick="this.classList.toggle('active')">
  <span class="hamburger-box">
    <span class="hamburger-inner"></span>
  </span>
</button>

/* CSS */
.hamburger {
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  background: transparent;
  border: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

.hamburger-box {
  width: 24px;
  height: 20px;
  position: relative;
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.hamburger-inner,
.hamburger-inner::before,
.hamburger-inner::after {
  width: 24px;
  height: 3px;
  background: #333;
  border-radius: 2px;
  position: absolute;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.hamburger-inner {
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
}

.hamburger-inner::before {
  content: '';
  top: -8px;
}

.hamburger-inner::after {
  content: '';
  top: 8px;
}

/* Active state - rotate 180deg */
.hamburger.active .hamburger-box {
  transform: rotate(180deg);
}

.hamburger.active .hamburger-inner {
  background: transparent;
}

.hamburger.active .hamburger-inner::before {
  top: 0;
  transform: rotate(45deg);
}

.hamburger.active .hamburger-inner::after {
  top: 0;
  transform: rotate(-45deg);
}

<!-- HTML -->
<nav class="nav">
  <input type="checkbox" id="menu-toggle" class="menu-checkbox">
  <label for="menu-toggle" class="hamburger">
    <span class="line"></span>
    <span class="line"></span>
    <span class="line"></span>
  </label>
  <ul class="menu">
    <li><a href="#">Home</a></li>
    <li><a href="#">About</a></li>
    <li><a href="#">Contact</a></li>
  </ul>
</nav>

/* CSS */
.nav {
  position: relative;
}

.menu-checkbox {
  display: none;
}

.hamburger {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  cursor: pointer;
  gap: 5px;
}

.line {
  display: block;
  width: 24px;
  height: 3px;
  background: #333;
  border-radius: 2px;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.menu {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50px;
  right: 0;
  background: white;
  list-style: none;
  padding: 1rem;
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  transform: translateY(-10px);
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

/* Show menu when checkbox is checked */
.menu-checkbox:checked ~ .menu {
  opacity: 1;
  visibility: visible;
  transform: translateY(0);
}

/* Animate hamburger to X */
.menu-checkbox:checked ~ .hamburger .line:nth-child(1) {
  transform: translateY(8px) rotate(45deg);
}

.menu-checkbox:checked ~ .hamburger .line:nth-child(2) {
  opacity: 0;
}

.menu-checkbox:checked ~ .hamburger .line:nth-child(3) {
  transform: translateY(-8px) rotate(-45deg);
}

<!-- HTML -->
<nav class="nav">
  <button class="hamburger">
    <span class="line"></span>
    <span class="line"></span>
    <span class="line"></span>
  </button>
  <ul class="menu">
    <li><a href="#">Home</a></li>
    <li><a href="#">About</a></li>
    <li><a href="#">Contact</a></li>
  </ul>
</nav>

/* CSS */
.nav {
  position: relative;
}

.hamburger {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  background: transparent;
  border: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  gap: 5px;
}

.line {
  display: block;
  width: 24px;
  height: 3px;
  background: #333;
  border-radius: 2px;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.menu {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50px;
  right: 0;
  background: white;
  list-style: none;
  padding: 1rem;
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  transform: translateY(-10px);
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

/* Show menu when nav or any child has focus */
.nav:focus-within .menu {
  opacity: 1;
  visibility: visible;
  transform: translateY(0);
}

.nav:focus-within .hamburger .line:nth-child(1) {
  transform: translateY(8px) rotate(45deg);
}

.nav:focus-within .hamburger .line:nth-child(2) {
  opacity: 0;
}

.nav:focus-within .hamburger .line:nth-child(3) {
  transform: translateY(-8px) rotate(-45deg);
}

<!-- HTML -->
<nav class="nav">
  <a href="#menu" class="hamburger">
    <span class="line"></span>
    <span class="line"></span>
    <span class="line"></span>
  </a>
  <ul id="menu" class="menu">
    <li><a href="#">Home</a></li>
    <li><a href="#">About</a></li>
    <li><a href="#">Contact</a></li>
    <li><a href="#" class="close-menu">Close</a></li>
  </ul>
</nav>

/* CSS */
.nav {
  position: relative;
}

.hamburger {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  text-decoration: none;
  gap: 5px;
}

.line {
  display: block;
  width: 24px;
  height: 3px;
  background: #333;
  border-radius: 2px;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.menu {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50px;
  right: 0;
  background: white;
  list-style: none;
  padding: 1rem;
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  transform: translateY(-10px);
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

/* Show menu when targeted via URL hash */
.menu:target {
  opacity: 1;
  visibility: visible;
  transform: translateY(0);
}

.close-menu {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
  padding-top: 0.5rem;
  border-top: 1px solid #eee;
  color: #666;
}

<!-- HTML -->
<nav class="nav">
  <button class="hamburger" onclick="document.body.classList.toggle('menu-open')">
    <span class="line"></span>
    <span class="line"></span>
    <span class="line"></span>
  </button>
  <div class="menu-overlay">
    <ul class="menu">
      <li><a href="#">Home</a></li>
      <li><a href="#">About</a></li>
      <li><a href="#">Services</a></li>
      <li><a href="#">Contact</a></li>
    </ul>
  </div>
</nav>

/* CSS */
.nav {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1000;
}

.hamburger {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1001;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  background: transparent;
  border: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  gap: 5px;
}

.line {
  display: block;
  width: 24px;
  height: 3px;
  background: #333;
  border-radius: 2px;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.menu-overlay {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.95);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  transition: all 0.4s ease;
}

.menu {
  list-style: none;
  text-align: center;
  transform: translateY(20px);
  transition: transform 0.4s ease;
}

.menu li {
  margin: 1.5rem 0;
}

.menu a {
  color: white;
  font-size: 2rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color 0.3s ease;
}

.menu a:hover {
  color: #3b82f6;
}

/* Active states */
body.menu-open .menu-overlay {
  opacity: 1;
  visibility: visible;
}

body.menu-open .menu {
  transform: translateY(0);
}

body.menu-open .hamburger .line {
  background: white;
}

body.menu-open .hamburger .line:nth-child(1) {
  transform: translateY(8px) rotate(45deg);
}

body.menu-open .hamburger .line:nth-child(2) {
  opacity: 0;
}

body.menu-open .hamburger .line:nth-child(3) {
  transform: translateY(-8px) rotate(-45deg);
}

<!-- HTML -->
<nav class="nav">
  <button class="hamburger" onclick="document.body.classList.toggle('menu-open')">
    <span class="line"></span>
    <span class="line"></span>
    <span class="line"></span>
  </button>
  <div class="sidebar">
    <ul class="menu">
      <li><a href="#">Home</a></li>
      <li><a href="#">About</a></li>
      <li><a href="#">Services</a></li>
      <li><a href="#">Contact</a></li>
    </ul>
  </div>
  <div class="backdrop" onclick="document.body.classList.remove('menu-open')"></div>
</nav>

/* CSS */
.hamburger {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1001;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  background: transparent;
  border: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  gap: 5px;
}

.line {
  display: block;
  width: 24px;
  height: 3px;
  background: #333;
  border-radius: 2px;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.sidebar {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 280px;
  height: 100%;
  background: white;
  box-shadow: 2px 0 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
  transform: translateX(-100%);
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
  z-index: 1000;
  padding: 80px 20px 20px;
}

.menu {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
}

.menu li {
  margin: 0.5rem 0;
}

.menu a {
  display: block;
  padding: 12px 16px;
  color: #333;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-radius: 8px;
  transition: background 0.2s ease;
}

.menu a:hover {
  background: #f3f4f6;
}

.backdrop {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  background: rgba(0,0,0,0.5);
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  z-index: 999;
}

/* Active states */
body.menu-open .sidebar {
  transform: translateX(0);
}

body.menu-open .backdrop {
  opacity: 1;
  visibility: visible;
}

body.menu-open .hamburger .line:nth-child(1) {
  transform: translateY(8px) rotate(45deg);
}

body.menu-open .hamburger .line:nth-child(2) {
  opacity: 0;
}

body.menu-open .hamburger .line:nth-child(3) {
  transform: translateY(-8px) rotate(-45deg);
}

<!-- HTML -->
<header class="header">
  <div class="header-content">
    <span class="logo">Logo</span>
    <button class="hamburger" onclick="this.closest('.header').classList.toggle('menu-open')">
      <span class="line"></span>
      <span class="line"></span>
      <span class="line"></span>
    </button>
  </div>
  <nav class="dropdown-menu">
    <ul class="menu">
      <li><a href="#">Home</a></li>
      <li><a href="#">About</a></li>
      <li><a href="#">Services</a></li>
      <li><a href="#">Contact</a></li>
    </ul>
  </nav>
</header>

/* CSS */
.header {
  background: white;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}

.header-content {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 1rem;
}

.logo {
  font-weight: bold;
  font-size: 1.25rem;
}

.hamburger {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  background: transparent;
  border: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  gap: 5px;
}

.line {
  display: block;
  width: 24px;
  height: 3px;
  background: #333;
  border-radius: 2px;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.dropdown-menu {
  max-height: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: max-height 0.3s ease;
  background: #f9fafb;
  border-top: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
}

.menu {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
}

.menu a {
  display: block;
  padding: 1rem;
  color: #333;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
  transition: background 0.2s ease;
}

.menu a:hover {
  background: #e5e7eb;
}

/* Active states */
.header.menu-open .dropdown-menu {
  max-height: 300px;
}

.header.menu-open .hamburger .line:nth-child(1) {
  transform: translateY(8px) rotate(45deg);
}

.header.menu-open .hamburger .line:nth-child(2) {
  opacity: 0;
}

.header.menu-open .hamburger .line:nth-child(3) {
  transform: translateY(-8px) rotate(-45deg);
}

<!-- HTML -->
<header class="mobile-header">
  <a href="/" class="logo">Brand</a>
  <button
    class="hamburger"
    aria-label="Toggle menu"
    aria-expanded="false"
    onclick="toggleMenu(this)">
    <span class="line"></span>
    <span class="line"></span>
    <span class="line"></span>
  </button>

  <nav class="mobile-nav" aria-hidden="true">
    <ul class="nav-list">
      <li><a href="#">Home</a></li>
      <li><a href="#">Products</a></li>
      <li><a href="#">About</a></li>
      <li><a href="#">Blog</a></li>
      <li><a href="#">Contact</a></li>
    </ul>
  </nav>

  <div class="overlay" onclick="closeMenu()"></div>
</header>

<script>
function toggleMenu(btn) {
  const isOpen = document.body.classList.toggle('nav-open');
  btn.setAttribute('aria-expanded', isOpen);
  document.querySelector('.mobile-nav').setAttribute('aria-hidden', !isOpen);
}

function closeMenu() {
  document.body.classList.remove('nav-open');
  document.querySelector('.hamburger').setAttribute('aria-expanded', 'false');
  document.querySelector('.mobile-nav').setAttribute('aria-hidden', 'true');
}
</script>

/* CSS */
.mobile-header {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  padding: 1rem;
  background: white;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 100;
}

.logo {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  font-weight: bold;
  color: #333;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.hamburger {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  background: transparent;
  border: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  gap: 5px;
  z-index: 102;
}

.line {
  display: block;
  width: 24px;
  height: 3px;
  background: #333;
  border-radius: 2px;
  transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
}

.mobile-nav {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  right: 0;
  width: min(300px, 80vw);
  height: 100vh;
  background: white;
  padding: 80px 24px 24px;
  transform: translateX(100%);
  transition: transform 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
  z-index: 101;
  overflow-y: auto;
}

.nav-list {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
}

.nav-list li {
  margin-bottom: 4px;
}

.nav-list a {
  display: block;
  padding: 14px 16px;
  color: #333;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  border-radius: 8px;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.nav-list a:hover,
.nav-list a:focus {
  background: #f3f4f6;
  color: #3b82f6;
}

.overlay {
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  z-index: 100;
}

/* Open state */
body.nav-open {
  overflow: hidden;
}

body.nav-open .mobile-nav {
  transform: translateX(0);
}

body.nav-open .overlay {
  opacity: 1;
  visibility: visible;
}

body.nav-open .hamburger .line:nth-child(1) {
  transform: translateY(8px) rotate(45deg);
}

body.nav-open .hamburger .line:nth-child(2) {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: scaleX(0);
}

body.nav-open .hamburger .line:nth-child(3) {
  transform: translateY(-8px) rotate(-45deg);
}

/* Desktop: Hide hamburger, show regular nav */
@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .hamburger,
  .overlay {
    display: none;
  }

  .mobile-nav {
    position: static;
    width: auto;
    height: auto;
    padding: 0;
    transform: none;
    background: transparent;
  }

  .nav-list {
    display: flex;
    gap: 8px;
  }

  .nav-list a {
    padding: 8px 16px;
    font-size: 1rem;
  }
}